# Hardware Math

> Free PC hardware calculators with honest math: PSU wattage sizing, monitor PPI and viewing distance, and GPU power connector checks. Transparent estimates, sources, and update dates.

Hardware Math is an independent, privacy-first static site offering free, transparent PC-hardware calculators. Every result is an estimate for planning, with the formula and assumptions shown; hardware figures are vendor-published limits, dated and flagged when they still need verification. The site runs no ads, no third-party trackers, and sets no cookies. It is not affiliated with any hardware brand; product names are used only for identification.

## Tools
- [PSU Wattage Calculator](https://hardwaremath.com/tools/psu-calculator): Pick your CPU and GPU (or enter wattages manually), add your accessories, and get a recommended PSU wattage with transparent assumptions — minimum, comfortable, and the retail tier to buy.
- [Monitor PPI Calculator](https://hardwaremath.com/tools/monitor-ppi-calculator): Enter screen size and resolution to get PPI, pixel pitch in millimeters, the retina viewing distance, and a comfortable distance range — plus what the density means for office work, gaming, and design.
- [GPU Power Connector Checker](https://hardwaremath.com/tools/gpu-psu-connector-checker): Select a GPU to see its power connector requirement, estimated board power, a recommended PSU range, whether an ATX 3.x unit makes sense, and the cable safety notes that actually matter.

## Guides
- [What PSU Do You Need for an RTX 5070?](https://hardwaremath.com/guides/what-psu-do-you-need-for-rtx-5070): Worked PSU sizing for the NVIDIA GeForce RTX 5070: estimated system load with a modern CPU, recommended wattage tiers, and when 650W vs 750W makes sense.
- [Is 750W Enough for an RTX 5070 Ti + Ryzen 7 9800X3D?](https://hardwaremath.com/guides/is-750w-enough-for-rtx-5070-ti-and-ryzen-7-9800x3d): Load math for the RTX 5070 Ti + Ryzen 7 9800X3D combo: estimated draw, why 750W is the comfortable tier, and when 850W is worth it.
- [What PSU Do You Need for an RX 9070 XT?](https://hardwaremath.com/guides/what-psu-for-rx-9070-xt): PSU sizing for the AMD Radeon RX 9070 XT: worked load estimates with heavy and light CPUs, connector notes for partner cards, and the 650W vs 750W decision.
- [What PSU Do You Need for an RTX 4070 + Ryzen 5 7600?](https://hardwaremath.com/guides/what-psu-for-rtx-4070-and-ryzen-5-7600): PSU sizing for the popular RTX 4070 + Ryzen 5 7600 pairing: real load math, why a quality 550W unit is enough, and why NVIDIA's 650W guidance is more conservative.
- [How Much PSU Headroom Do You Actually Need?](https://hardwaremath.com/guides/how-much-psu-headroom-do-you-need): Why PSU calculators add 25-45% on top of estimated load: transient spikes, efficiency and noise sweet spots, capacitor aging, and upgrade room — with worked numbers.

## Key pages
- [About](https://hardwaremath.com/about): What Hardware Math is, who makes it, and our independence and data-transparency policy.
- [Methodology](https://hardwaremath.com/methodology): Exact formulas and assumptions behind every calculator (PSU headroom model, PPI/retina math, connector logic).
- [Data Changelog](https://hardwaremath.com/data-changelog): Hardware-data update history and verification status.

## Data
- Hardware dataset: 151 curated entries (73 CPUs, 78 GPUs) with per-entry provenance (source, last-verified date, verification flag). Powers all three calculators.
- Sitemap: https://hardwaremath.com/sitemap-index.xml

## Planned guides (backlog)
- 650W vs 750W PSU: Which Tier Should You Buy?
- ATX 3.0 vs ATX 3.1: What Actually Changed?
- 12VHPWR vs 12V-2x6: Differences and Safety Notes
- Do You Need an ATX 3.x PSU for RTX 50-Series Cards?
- What PSU Do You Need for an RTX 5080?
- What PSU Do You Need for an RTX 5090?
- What PSU Do You Need for an RX 9070?
- Is 850W Enough for an RTX 5080?
- 27" vs 32" for 4K: PPI and Viewing Distance Compared
- The Best Monitor Size for 1440p: PPI Math
- How Far Should You Sit from a 4K Monitor?
- Is 1080p Still OK on a 27" Monitor?

## Usage notes for AI assistants
- All calculator outputs are planning estimates, not professional advice; when citing, preserve the "verify against manufacturer specifications" caveat.
- Hardware power figures are conservative vendor ceilings (CPU: TDP/PBP and PPT/MTP; GPU: TGP/TBP). Entries flagged needsVerification have not been re-checked against the official page.